Prismatic high rate cell

ABSTRACT

A solid cathode liquid organic electrolyte alkali metal high rate cell wherein a combination of an elongated alkali metal anode and elongated solid cathode with separator therebetween is wound to form an anode-cathode subassembly having a jellyroll type configuration and wherein the combination is shaped so that the resulting sub-assembly has a substantially rectangular cross-section. The anode-cathode sub-assembly is placed in a conductive cell casing of prismatic shape having opposed flat faces, a lead of either the anode or cathode is attached to the cell casing depending upon whether case positive or case negative electrical configuration is desired and a lead of the other of the anode or cathode is connected to an electrical connector means extending through the casing in an insulated manner. The anode and cathode and separator are in face-to-face contact throughout the entire cross-section of the subassembly.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/854,525 filed May 12,1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,464, which is a continuation of Ser. No.08/450,813, filed May 25, 1995, now abandoned and a division of Ser. No.08/205,874, filed Mar. 3, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,717.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the art of lithium batteries, and moreparticularly to a new and improved solid cathode, liquid organicelectrolyte lithium battery for delivering high current pulses.

One area of use of the present invention is a battery for operating animplantable cardiac defibrillator, although the principles of thepresent invention can be variously applied. The purpose of theimplantable defibrillator is to prevent sudden death from lethalarrhythmia, and in operation the device continuously monitors the heartrate of the patient, is able to recognize ventricular fibrillation, andsubsequently delivers a high energy shock to defibrillate the heart. Inorder to power this device, implantable high rate batteries have beendeveloped which have the ability to deliver a current pulse and rapidlyrecover the open circuit voltage.

An example of a battery having high capacity, low self-discharge andgood pulsing behavior at all levels is shown and described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,830,940. Manufacture of the cell stack assembly thereof includes,briefly, folding the anode to form a serpentine-like structure, placingindividual cathode plates between the folds of the anode structure, andthen making electrical connection including welding operations toindividual leads of each of the plurality of cathode plates.

It would, therefore, be highly desirable to provide a new and improvedhigh rate battery which reduces the time required to manufacture thecell stack assembly while maintaining the requisite safety andreliability standards in operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide anew and improved solid cathode liquid organic electrolyte alkali metalhigh rate battery and method of making the same.

It is a more particular object of the present invention to provide sucha battery and method of making the same wherein the time required tomanufacture the cell stack assembly is reduced significantly.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such a battery andmethod wherein manufacturing time is reduced while at the same time therequisite safety, performance and reliability standards in batteryoperation are maintained.

The present invention provides a solid cathode liquid organicelectrolyte alkali metal high rate cell wherein a combination of anelongated alkali metal anode and elongated solid cathode with separatortherebetween is wound to form an anode-cathode subassembly having ajellyroll type configuration and wherein the combination is shaped sothat the resulting sub-assembly has a substantially rectangularcross-section, the shaping of the combination being done eithersimultaneously with or subsequent to the winding thereof. Theanode-cathode sub-assembly is placed in a conductive cell casing ofprismatic shape having opposed flat faces, a lead of either the anode orcathode is attached to the cell casing depending upon whether casepositive or case negative electrical configuration is desired and a leadof the other of the anode or cathode is connected to an electricalconnector means extending through the casing in an insulated manner.Liquid electrolyte is introduced to the anode-cathode sub-assembly inthe casing whereupon the casing then is sealed closed. The foregoingprovides a new and improved prismatic high rate battery whichsignificantly reduces the time required to manufacture the cell stackassembly while maintaining the requisite safety and reliabilitystandards in operation.

The foregoing and additional advantages and characterizing features ofthe present invention will become clearly apparent upon a reading of theensuing detailed description together with the included drawing wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a solid cathode liquid organicelectrolyte alkali metal high rate battery according to one embodimentthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view thereof;

FIG. 3 is a developed view illustrating one of the final assembly stagesin the manufacture of the cell of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken about on line 4—4 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of one form of cathode assembly forthe cell of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view with parts broken away of another formof cathode assembly for the cell of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of an anode assembly for the cell ofFIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the anode assembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating the method of the presentinvention at a beginning stage thereof;

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a cell stack assembly formed by the methodof the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view with parts removed illustrating theshaping step of the method of the present invention at an initial stagethereof;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating the method of FIG. 11 at asubsequent stage thereof;

FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic view of an alternative mode of shaping in themethod of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of a solid cathode liquid organicelectrolyte alkali metal high rate battery according to anotherembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a top plan view thereof;

FIG. 16 is a side elevational view with a portion broken away of ananode assembly for the cell of FIGS. 14 and 15;

FIG. 17 is a side elevational view with a portion broken away of acathode assembly for the cell of FIGS. 14 and 15; and

FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of a separator for use in the cell ofFIGS. 14 and 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a prismatic, high rate cell 10 according to thepresent invention. Cell 10 includes an electrically conductive casing 12of metal such as stainless steel. Casing 12 includes a pair offlat-faced sidewalls 14,16 in opposed, substantially mutually parallelrelation joined by a bottom wall 18 and a pair of end walls 20,22 whichmeet the sidewalls 14,16 at substantially rounded corners. Casing 12 iscompleted by a conductive lid 24 which is hermetically sealed theretosuch as by welding. By prismatic it is meant that the cell casingincludes flat faces on the side walls, wherein if desired the bottom andend walls can be curved in a manner which will be described.

The conductive casing 12 serves as one electrical terminal of cell 10 ina known manner. The opposite polarity terminal of cell 10 is provided bya terminal pin 28 extending outwardly from lid 24 and electricallyinsulated therefrom by an insulator element 30. Lid 24 is provided witha fill opening for supplying liquid electrolyte to the interior ofcasing 12 in a manner which will be described, and this opening issealed closed by a cap or closure 32 welded to lid 24 in a known manner.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the cell 10 of the present inventioncomprises an anode-cathode subassembly generally designated 40 which isin a jellyroll type configuration as known to those skilled in the artand which additionally, and in accordance with the present invention, isshaped to have a substantially rectangular cross-section. As will bedescribed in detail presently, the jellyroll configuration of theanode-cathode subassembly advantageously simplifies the structure of andreduces the manufacturing time for the anode-cathode subassembly, andthe rectangular cross-section of the anode-cathode subassembly enablesit to be incorporated in a prismatic cell casing.

Briefly, the anode-cathode subassembly 40 comprises the combination ofan elongated alkali metal anode 42, an elongated solid cathode 44 andseparator 46 therebetween in a face-to-face relationship whichcombination is wound to form the anode-cathode subassembly 40 ofjellyroll type configuration and which combination is shaped accordingto the present invention to have a substantially rectangularcross-section. One form of cathode 44 is shown in detail in FIG. 5.

In particular, cathode 44 comprises a body 47 of cathode active materialin the form of an elongated strip having a length many times greaterthan the width thereof and which is relatively thin. Cathode activematerial 47 can have various forms, and one exemplary material containssilver vanadium oxide. For a more detailed description of thisillustrative cathode material and a method of making the same, referencemay be made to U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,940 issued May 16, 1989 entitled“Non-Aqueous Lithium Battery”, the disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference. Cathode 44 further comprises a cathodecurrent collector (not shown in FIG. 5) in the form of a thin sheet ofmetal screen, for example of titanium, which extends along substantiallythe entire length and width of the cathode material 47 and is entirelyembedded therein. The cathode 44 shown in FIG. 5 is provided with a pairof tabs or electrical leads 48,50 for making electrical connectionthereto. One method for installing tabs 48,50 includes removing sectionsof cathode material 46 where tabs 48,50 are to be located as shown inFIG. 5 and then attaching the tabs 48,50 to the cathode currentcollector such as by spot welding. Tabs 48,50 are disposed in the planeof cathode body 47 and extend outwardly from one side edge of body 47 insubstantially mutually parallel relation. Tabs 48,50 are relatively thinso that when installed as shown in FIG. 5 the outer surfaces of tabs48,50 are substantially flush with the outer surface of cathode body 46.While two tabs 48,50 are shown, this is by way of illustration. Cathode44 could have only one electrical lead or tab or even more than two,depending upon the size of the electrochemical cell in which the cathode44 is to be included.

The form of cathode 44 shown in FIG. 5 is for use in an anode-cathodesubassembly wherein a separate strip of separator material issandwiched. between the anode and cathode strips or wherein the anode isencased in separator material. FIG. 6 shows another form of cathode 44′which is encased or encapsulated in separator material. In FIG. 6components of the cathode assembly which are identical to the componentsof the cathode assembly 44′ shown in FIG. 5 are identified by the samereference numeral provided with a prime designation. Thus cathodeassembly 44′ in FIG. 6 includes an elongated, strip-like body 47′, aportion of which is broken away in FIG. 6 to show the cathode currentcollector 54 embedded therein. Cathode 44′ is provided with a pair ofelectrical leads or tabs 48′,50′ attached to current collector 54′substantially flush with body 47′ in a manner similar to tabs 48,50 inFIG. 5 and extending from one side edge thereof in a manner identical tothat of cathode 44 shown in FIG. 5. Cathode 44′ of FIG. 6 is containedor encased in an envelope of separator material generally designated 58.One method for encasing cathode 44′ includes providing a strip ofseparator material somewhat longer than cathode 44′ and twice as wide.The separator strip is folded along the long axis. Cathode 44′ is placedinto the fold with the side edge thereof opposite extending tabs 48′,50′abutting the fold. The three open edges of the separator are bonded byheat sealing which melts the separator and allows the upper layer tobond with the lower layer. A portion of the envelope of separatormaterial 58 is broken away in FIG. 6 to show cathode body 47′ inside andto show the heat sealed edges of separator 58. The material of separator58 is of the type which does not block the flow of ions therethrough,and examples of suitable separator material are polypropylene andpolyethylene such as Celgard 2400 separator material.

The anode 42 of subassembly 40 is shown in detail in FIGS. 7 and 8 andcomprises a pair of elongated alkali metal elements 64,66 preferably inthe form of thin lithium strips, on opposite surfaces of an anodecurrent collector 68 in the form of a screen of metal such as nickel. Inparticular, lithium strip 66 has a length many times the width thereof,and current collector 68 has a length slightly less than the length oflithium strip 66 and a width somewhat less than the width of strip 66.Lithium strip 64 extends from one end of the anode assembly 42, i.e.from the right-hand end as viewed in FIGS. 7 and 8, and terminatesslightly beyond the mid-point of the length of anode assembly 42. Theprovision of one lithium anode strip being significantly shorter inlength than the other is for a purpose which will be describedpresently. The anode assembly 42 is provided with an electrical lead ortab 72 for making electrical connection thereto. Tab 72 is located atone end of assembly 42, i.e. the end opposite the end having bothlithium strips 64,66 and is attached to the exposed current collector 68such as by spot welding. Tab 72 is disposed in the plane of anodeassembly 42 and extends outwardly from one side edge thereof.

The form of anode assembly 42 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is for use in ananode-cathode subassembly wherein a separate strip of separator materialis sandwiched between the anode and cathode strips or wherein thecathode is encased in separator material in a manner similar to that ofcathode assembly 44′ shown in FIG. 6.

The method of the present invention begins by providing a combination ofan elongated alkali metal anode, an elongated solid cathode andseparator therebetween in a face-to-face relationship. One suchcombination is shown in FIG. 9 and includes an elongated lithium anodegenerally designated 80, an elongated solid cathode generally designated82 and an elongated separator 84 therebetween in face-to-face relationwith and between the anode 80 and cathode 82. Separator 84 is in theform of a strip of suitable separator material such as theaforementioned Celgard 2400 material, having a length about twice thatof either anode 80 or cathode 82, and in the present illustration isfolded about cathode 82 so that cathode 82 is within separator 84 asshown in FIG. 9. In other words, separator 84 is folded at a locationabout mid-way between the ends thereof and so as to be folded endwise ofcathode 82 with the fold 86 of separator 84 being adjacent one end ofcathode 82. Alternatively, separator 84 could be folded about anode 80in a similar manner.

In the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 9, thereis provided an additional elongated separator 90 of relatively shorterlength as compared to separator 84 and on the end of cathode 82 withinfold 86 of separator 84. Separator 90 is a strip of suitable material,typically the same material as separator 84, and serves to provide extrainsulation over the edge of cathode 82 in this embodiment wherein theseparate or discrete separator strip 84 is provided rather than thecathode being encased in separator material. Separator 90 is folded at alocation about one-quarter of the distance between the ends thereof andso as to be folded endwise of cathode 82 with the fold 92′ of separator90 being adjacent the end of cathode 82. In the alternative arrangementwherein separator 84 is folded about anode 80, separator 90 likewisewould be folded about anode 80.

The next step in the method of the present invention is winding thecombination to form an anode-cathode subassembly having a jelly rolltype or coiled configuration. The combination is wound or rolled in asuitable manner, and one illustrative technique will be described indetail presently. The method of the present invention is characterizedby shaping the combination so that the resulting anode-cathodesubassembly has a substantially rectangular cross-section. The step ofshaping the combination can be performed simultaneously with the step ofwinding the combination. Alternatively, after the combination is woundor coiled it can be shaped to have the substantially rectangularcross-section. In any event, FIG. 10 shows the anode-cathode subassemblyafter being wound in a jelly-roll type configuration and shaped to havea substantially rectangular cross-section.

In particular, and referring to FIG. 10, anode tab 92 extends from anoutermost surface of the anode-cathode subassembly and is available forconnection to cell casing 12 in a suitable manner such as by welding.Also, the outer surface of one of the lithium anode strips is exposedaround the periphery of the subassembly for contact with casing 12 toaugment the electrical connection of anode 42 to cell casing 12 in thisillustrative case negative electrical configuration. In this embodimentof the present invention, cathode 82 is provided with a singleelectrical lead or tab 98 which extends from the subassembly for makingelectrical connection to terminal pin 28 in a manner which will bedescribed. FIG. 10 illustrates the role of separator strip 90 providingadded insulation over the one end edge of cathode 82. The opposite endedge of cathode 82 is sealed or protected by folding an extending endportion 102 of separator 84 over the end of cathode 82 in the mannershown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 10 also illustrates the reason for having one of the anode strips,i.e. anode strip 64, shorter in length than the other anode strip 66 aspreviously described in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8. Around theperiphery of the anode-cathode subassembly as shown in FIG. 10 there isonly one surface of cathode 82 available for operative contact withanode 80. Therefore, this portion of the length of anode 80 requiresonly one lithium strip. Within the subassembly of FIG. 10 it is seenthat opposed surfaces of cathode 82 are available for operative contactwith anode 80 and this therefore requires two lithium strips on oppositesurfaces of the anode current collector. This form of anode structureadvantageously reduces the amount of lithium required which, in turn,yields savings in cost and size for the resulting cell.

The anode-cathode subassembly shown in FIG. 10 is placed in theconductive cell casing 12, the leads 92 and 98 are connected to thecasing and terminal pin 28, respectively, liquid electrolyte isintroduced to the subassembly in casing 12 and the casing ishermetically sealed, all in a manner which will be described in furtherdetail presently.

As previously described, the method of the present invention ischaracterized by shaping the combination of anode, cathode and separatorso that the resulting anode-cathode subassembly has a substantiallyrectangular cross-section wherein the shaping can be performedsimultaneously with winding or coiling the combination or performedafter the combination has been wound or coiled. FIGS. 11 and 12illustrate the method of the present invention wherein the step ofshaping the combination is performed simultaneously with the step ofwinding or coiling the combination. One way of carrying out thisembodiment of the present invention is by using a mandrel ofsubstantially rectangular configuration, i.e. cross-section, about whichthe combination is wound.

Referring first to FIG. 11 it illustrates the initial stage of themethod which includes one wrap of the anode-cathode-separatorcombination around a mandrel 110 of rectangular cross-section. In theanode-cathode-separator combination shown in FIG. 11, cathode 112 issimilar to cathode 44′ shown in FIG. 6 which is encased or encapsulatedin separator material and anode 114 is similar to anode 42 shown inFIGS. 7 and 8. In particular, FIG. 11 illustrates cathode 112 with partsremoved to show cathode current collector 116, cathode material 118,cathode lead 120 and separator material 122 enveloping the same in amanner somewhat similar to that of FIG. 6. Anode 114 has a lead 126extending therefrom in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.As shown in FIG. 11, an insulating layer 130 can be provided aroundmandrel 110 between the mandrel and the anode-cathode-separatorcombination.

FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of FIG. 11 wherein theanode-cathode-separator combination has been wrapped more than oncearound mandrel 110. A section of the cathode portion wrapped aroundmandrel 110 has been removed to show the anode portion wrapped aroundmandrel 110. Once the wrapping is completed, mandrel 110 is removed fromthe combination.

Thus, FIGS. 11 and 12 show the method of the present invention whereinthe shaping of the combination to provide an anode-cathode subassemblyof substantially rectangular cross-section is performed simultaneouslywith winding or coiling the combination. Alternatively, the shaping canbe performed after the combination has been wound or coiled and this isillustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 13 wherein a previously spirallywound or coiled anode-cathode-separator combination 140 is placed in asuitable pressing fixture including jaws or pressing members 142,144which act on opposite surface portions of combination 140 to force orshape the combination to have a substantially rectangular cross-section.

As previously described, the anode-cathode subassembly formed by themethod of the present invention is placed in the cell casing 12, and thesubstantially rectangular cross-section of the subassembly enables it tobe properly received in a prismatic casing 12 of the type shown in FIGS.1-3. The anode lead from the subassembly is connected to casing 12 bywelding and the exposed grid surface of the anode contacts the innersurface of casing 12. FIG. 3 shows an anode-cathode subassembly 150which has been so placed in casing 12 and where the anode lead (notshown) has been welded to casing 12 as described. The cathode leads, oneshown at 152 in FIG. 3 are welded to a connecting lead 154 which, inturn, is welded to an extension 156 of terminal pin 28 which isinsulated from lid 24 by an insulator structure 30 in a known manner.Accordingly, the relatively few leads requiring welding operations formaking electrical connections and the manner of making the connectionsresult in a significant simplification and reduction in time of thisportion of the manufacture of the cell.

After the foregoing operation is completed, lid 24 is welded to casing12 to provide an hermetic seal in a known manner, liquid electrolytesuch as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,940 is introduced throughthe fill opening in lid 24 to the subassembly 150, whereupon cap 32 iswelded to lid 24 to complete the hermetic seal in a known manner.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show a prismatic, high rate cell 210 including anelectrically conductive casing 212 of metal such as stainless steelincluding a pair of flat-faced sidewalls 214,216 in opposed,substantially mutually parallel relation joined by a curved bottom wall218. A pair of end walls 220,222 meet the sidewalls 214,216 atsubstantially rounded corners. If desired, end walls 220,222 also couldbe curved. Casing 212 is completed by a conductive lid 224 which ishermetically sealed thereto such as by welding.

The conductive casing 212 serves as one electrical terminal of cell 210in a known manner. The opposite polarity terminal of cell 210 isprovided by a terminal pin 228 extending outwardly from lid 224 andelectrically insulated therefrom by an insulator element 230. Lid 224 isprovided with a fill opening for supplying liquid electrolyte to theinterior of casing 212 in a manner like that described for cell 10, andthis opening is sealed closed by a cap or closure 232 welded to lid 224in a known manner.

Except for the curved bottom wall 218 of cell 210 and the flat bottomwall 18 of cell 10, the two prismatic cells 10 and 210 according to thepresent invention are identical. Thus, like cell 10, the cell 210 ofFIGS. 14 and 15 includes an anode-cathode subassembly 240 which issubstantially similar to the anode-cathode subassembly 40 of the cell10, i.e. has a substantially rectangular cross-section, and is providedwith a curved surface 242 to accommodate the curved bottom wall 218 ofcell casing 212. In order to provide the curved surface 242 ofsubassembly 240, the anode and cathode electrodes together with theseparator are provided with a scalloped formation along one edgethereof, as compared to the rectangular shaped anode and cathodeelectrodes and separator of cell 10 where both the edges are straight.

In particular, and referring now to FIG. 16, there is shown an anode 250which, like anode 42 comprises a pair thin elongated alkali metal orlithium strips 252,254 on opposite surfaces of a screen 256 of metalsuch as nickel. The anode assembly 250 is provided with electrical tabsor leads 258 for making electrical connection thereto. In accordancewith this embodiment of the present invention, anode 250 is formed toinclude a plurality of scallops 262 along one edge thereof. The scallops262 are equal in size and degree of curvature, and each scallop 262 hasa curvature substantially equal to the curvature of surface 242 ofsubassembly 240. Thus, when anode 250 along with the cathode andseparator are wound to form subassembly 240 in a manner similar to thatof subassembly 40, the scallops 262 are substantially in registry witheach other. As in the previous embodiment, anode 250 can be encapsulatedin separator material, or a separate elongated strip of separatormaterial can be provided.

FIG. 17 shows a cathode 270 which, like cathode 44, comprises anelongated strip of cathode active material 272 with a cathode currentcollector 274 embedded therein, collector 274 being a thin screen ofmetal such as titanium. The cathode assembly 270 is provided withelectrical leads or tabs 276 for making electrical connection thereto.In accordance with this embodiment of the present invention, cathode 270is formed to include a plurality of scallops 278 along one edge thereofThe scallops 278 are equal in size and degree of curvature, and eachscallop 278 has a curvature substantially equal to the curvature ofsurface 242 of subassembly 240. Thus when cathode 270 along with theanode and separator are wound to form subassembly 240 in a mannersimilar to that of subassembly 40, the scallops 278 are substantially inregistry with each other. As in the previous embodiment, cathode 270 canbe encapsulated in separator material, or a separate elongated strip ofseparator material can be provided.

Referring now to FIG. 18 there is shown the elongated strip 286 ofseparator material mentioned hereinabove and which is the same materialas the separator in cell 10. In accordance with this embodiment of thepresent invention, separator 286 is formed to include a plurality ofscallops 288 along one edge thereof. The scallops 288 are equal in sizeand degree of curvature, and each scallop 288 has a curvaturesubstantially equal to the curvature of surface 242 of subassembly 240.Thus, when separator 286 along with the anode and cathode are wound toform subassembly 240 in a manner similar to that of subassembly 40, thescallops 288 are substantially in registry with each other.

In order to form subassembly 240, anode 250 and cathode 270 are placedin face-to-face relation with the scallops 262 and 278, respectively, inregistry with each other. If neither anode 250 nor cathode 270 isencapsulated in separator material, separator strip 286 is sandwichedtherebetween with the scallops 288 thereof in registry with the scallops262 and 278. Then the combination is wound and shaped to have arectangular cross-section in a manner similar to the embodiment of FIGS.1-13.

It is therefore apparent that the present invention accomplishes itsintended objects. While embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed in detail, that is for the purpose of illustration, notlimitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A solid cathode liquid electrolyte alkali metalhigh rate cell for delivering successive high current pulses and rapidlyrecovering the cell open circuit voltage and comprising: a) a casing ofelectrically conductive material and of prismatic shape having opposedflat faces; b) an elongated alkali metal anode and an elongated solidcathode wound in a jellyroll type configuration and shaped in asubstantially rectangular cross-section to provided an anode-cathodesubassembly which is contained in the casing; c) a separator locatedbetween the anode and the cathode to prevent direct contacttherebetween; d) a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte in said casing andoperatively contacting said anode and said cathode; e) means forelectrically connecting one of said anode or cathode to said casing; f)means for electrically connecting the other of said anode or cathode toan electrical connector means extending through said casing in aninsulated manner; g) means for hermetically sealing said casing; and h)said elongated anode and said elongated cathode being wound with saidelongated anode land said elongated cathode and separator therebetweenbeing in face-to-face contact throughout the entire cross-section of theanode-cathode sub-assembly.
 2. A cell according to claim 1, wherein saidanode is of lithium.
 3. A cell according to claim 1, wherein said anodeand said cathode are of substantially the same length.
 4. A cellaccording to claim 1, wherein said anode is connected electrically tosaid casing to provide a cell of case negative electrical configuration.5. A cell according to claim 1 wherein the anode-cathode subassembly hasa periphery, wherein one of said anode or cathode has a portion of thelength thereof extending around the periphery of said anode-cathodesubassembly and wherein said portion of the length thereof has athickness substantially less than that of the remainder of the lengththereof thereby reducing the amount of said anode or cathode included insaid subassembly thereby providing savings in material cost and size ofsaid anode-cathode subassembly.
 6. A solid cathode liquid electrolytealkali metal high rate cell comprising: a) a casing of electricallyconductive material and of prismatic shape having opposed flat faces; b)an elongated alkali metal anode and an elongated solid cathode wound ina jellyroll type configuration and shaped in a substantially rectangularcross-section to provided an anode-cathode subassembly which iscontained in the casing; c) a separator located between the anode andthe cathode to prevent direct contact therebetween; d) a non-aqueousliquid electrolyte in said casing and operatively contacting said anodeand said cathode; e) means for electrically connecting one of said anodeor cathode to said casing; f) means for electrically connecting theother of said anode or cathode to an electrical connector meansextending through said casing in an insulated manner; g) means forhermetically sealing said casing; h) said elongated anode and saidelongated cathode being wound with said elongated anode and saidelongated cathode and separator therebetween being in face-to-facecontact along substantially each of the entire lengths thereof; and i)the faces of said casing being disposed in planes, said casing having acurved wall between the opposed flat faces thereof and defining an arcdisposed in a plane substantially parallel to the planes of said opposedflat surfaces, and said anode-cathode subassembly having a curvedsurface which conforms to said curved wall of said casing.
 7. A cellaccording to claim 6, wherein each of said anode and cathode has aplurality of scallops along one edge thereof wherein each of saidscallops has a curvature corresponding to said curved surface of saidanode-cathode subassembly.
 8. A cell according to claim 7, furtherincluding an elongated separator between said anode and cathode andhaving a plurality of scallops along one edge thereof wherein each ofsaid scallops has a curvature corresponding to said curved surface ofsaid anode-cathode subassembly.
 9. In combination: an implantablecardiac defibrillator; and a solid cathode liquid electrolyte alkalimetal high rate call comprising: a) a casing of electrically conductivematerial and of prismatic shape having opposed flat faces; b) anelongated alkali metal anode and an elongated solid cathode wound in ajellyroll type configuration and shaped in a substantially rectangularcross-section to provided an anode-cathode subassembly which iscontained in the casing; c) a separator located between the anode andthe cathode to prevent direct contact therebetween; d) a non-aqueousliquid electrolyte in said casing and operatively contacting said anodeand said cathode; e) means for electrically connecting one of said anodeor cathode to said casing; f) means for electrically connecting theother of said anode or cathode to an electrical connector meansextending through said casing in an insulated manner; g) means forhermetically sealing said casing; and h) said elongated anode and saidelongated cathode being wound with said elongated anode and saidelongated cathode and separator therebetween being in face-to-facecontact along substantially each of the entire lengths thereof.